GRAVITY (by Allan Poe Bona Redoña)

    Sir Isaac Newton, an ardent bible student & physicist, was actually not the first to teach about gravitation. in fact his intuition about a falling apple (and because of being well-versed biblical researcher) brought the gravitation to the full acknowledgement.
    In 1611, a version of the Bible was translated in English  which rendered :

    "  He stretcheth   out    the   north   over  the  
           empty    place,      and   


       hangeth     the   earth   upon   nothing  "

                                                           -    Job   26:7

     In what   is the   earth   hanged   upon   nothing ?

"  It   is   he   that sitteth   upon   the  circle   of the   earth, ... "     -   Isaiah  40:22  (KJV)

      The   Earth   has   " circle " ,   which   Newton   called   "  orb ".

    What   causes   the earth   to remain   in that   orbit   while   it is   hanged  there ?   What  holds   it so that  it   is hanged  upon  nothing ?

    "  Behold, the  Lord   GOD   comes  with   might,  and  his arm   rules   for  him; ... Who has   measured  the   water  in the hollow  of his   hand  and marked   off the heavens   with   a span, enclosed   the dust of the earth    in   a   measure     and      weighed    the   mountains   in scales   and   the   hills   in   a balance  ?"
           -    Isaiah 40:10, 12  (RSV)

     The biblical teaching   is that  the earth  in its  circle   is weighing-ly  hanged   upon   nothing.

                           What    is      weight   ?
      Weight   is  the force  with  which  gravity   acts   on a  mass.   It is   the gravitational force   from  an  attracting  mass   to the   weighed  object:  It is  considered   to be   the weight  of the  falling   object.  And since  gravity  means  heaviness during  those days,  this  weighing heaviness   was  since then  called   gravity.

        Force             =            mass           x           acceleration

    Newton suggested that the rate of fall (i.e. acceleration) was proportional to the strength of the gravitational force.

        Force            =             mass           x          acceleration

        Weight           =             mass          x           acceleration  due to gravity

      Using  the modern terminology, the biblical  teaching is that  the earth  is  'gravitationally'   hanged  upon  nothing  in  its  'orbit'.

     " I deduced, "  Isaac Newton wrote  in 1664,   "that the forces  which  keep  the planets  in their  orbs  must  be reciprocally  as the  squares  of their  distances  from  the centers  about  which  they  revolve. "

      The Latin-derived  word     orb   is   khuwg   in the Hebrew  Bible  which means  circle, course  or circuit.
      Moon  orbits  on earth, and Newton  thought  if whether  the force  which  pulled  an apple  downward to the earth  and the  force  that attracts  the Moon  to remain in orbit were one & the same or not.  The  'acceleration'  because  of the gravitation  is considered  to be  the gravitational force field strength  of an  attracting  mass (heavier one). By deduction he arrived  to a suggestion  that the  force which  keeps a planet  in its  orbit  is reciprocally as the square of its distance from  the center of the  Sun  and  center  of the earth.

          Force           =                       I    /      d²


          Force           ╫                    (mass)     x          (Mass)     /       (distance)²

    mass  x  acceleration    ╫       (mass of earth)  x  (Mass of  Sun)  /  (center to center)²


    His gravitational    'inverse square'   law   needs   a  proportionality   constant.   This   constant, signified  by  letter   G,   must  balance  the equation. (What balances  the equation?  It should  cancel  the   d², m,  and  M ,  and  it should equate   to  ' mass x acceleration'.)


mass x acceleration  =  [ (mass x acceleration) d²    m ^{-  1}        M ^{-  1} ] (m) (M)   /  d²          

  m   x    a           =       [  (   m     x     a   )    d²    m ^{-  1}     M ^{-  1}     ]  (m)  (M)  /  d²            


     <sup>m      a            =       [                       G                              ]  (m)  (M)  /  d²               





 Force                =        [                         G                                    ]     m   M   /  d²                 

     F                   =                                         G                m        M         /      d²                      





                                      F       =         G       m    M     /  d²                                         




         With  this   formula   we can   now   know   the gravitational  force   between   two  mutually   attracting   objects.   The    biblical   term   for this  force   is   ' weight '.


          G      or    gravitational constant   balances   the equation   and  is  equal  to   (mass x  acceleration) x square  distance x  per kilogram of lighter mass per kilogram of heavier  Mass  (or   ma   d²</sup>  m ^{-  1} M <sup>-  1  ) .

      In ancient time, the  easiest way  to  measure an object's weight  is by the balance (scale).</sup>

       ^{Objects on the both  sides  of the balance exert  pulling  force. thinking  the planet Earth  and the star  Sun   as such those  objects we can have an idea  that they  are both  exerting  pulling  force.
       Such  a pulling  force  is the  reason   why  apples   from   a  tree  fall on  the ground:   the earth's  gravitational  force  pulls  the apple, since  Earth  is heavier  than  apple.}

      <sup>At the  present distance, the gravitational force  of the  sun  is  not completely  pulling  or losing  the earth.
       John  Michell  (1724-1793)   of  Nottinghamshire, England, invented  a  torsion  balance to determine   the   G,   gravitational  constant,  in  Newton's   formula, but unluckily  he died  before  he   found  it.


                                               G                =           F          d²    /     m      M                  

                           G           m       M            =           F          d²



                           (       G     m     M     /       d²       )           =             F                      




         His contemporary   Henry   Cavendish  in 1798  tried it  by measuring   the  force  caused   by   large  balls (M)  to,   and which  were  drown  near  to,  two   light  lead  balls (m)   at  each  end  of  a rod, which  was  hanged  by  a  twistable   wire.   Having   known  the attracting  force, distance  between  centers  of the  heavy  &  light  balls   and their  masses, he could  now solve  the  strength of the constant   G.   (the  modern  value  for this   G    is</sup>  6.674 28 x 10 ^{-  11}      N  m ²        kg <sup>- 2 .    
    With   this   gravitational  constant, it is now  possible  to calculate  the mass ( M )   of the  planet  Earth   by the  mass ( m )   of a  falling   object  &  its  rate  of  fall   and their  distance   ( d )  center to center   through  the  equation

                            M             =             F      d²   /       G     m                                          


where     F    is the  weight    or gravitational  force.

         Since   object   here   on  Earth   is  too near, we  will use  instead  the Earth's  radius  ( r ), the   downward  acceleration (g)   of  &   the mass  (1m)   of the falling   object  with  the equation

                          M               =               g        r²         1m    /        G     1m                  



                          M               =                          g        r ²        /       G                         


so that  it is  now  easier   to calculate   the  mass  ( M )   of  a  planet   or  any   heavier   object, simply   by  its    radius   ( r ),  and    acceleration   due  to  gravity.     


     To  know    the value   of    g    (acceleration  due to gravity)     of  a  planet  ,   the formula   is   

                             g               =        4</sup>     π  <sup>²       l      /       T ²


where</sup>     l      is the  <sup>length   of   a  pendulum, and     T   is   the  period (in second)  of  swing  of the   pendulum.

     Discovery   of    Gravity     :            by   Allan Poe Bona Redoña</sup> 

Gravitational Electronomic Theory

GRAVITATIONAL ELECTRONOMIC THEORY

All objects are made up of atoms. T connect or bond atoms, pressure is required. That pressure stored in atoms has an opposite force -i.e. tensional extraction opr pull. Every atom in every object is theoretically exerting tensional extraction (pull) and those extractions are concentrated outward on the surface atoms.

  What is gravitational force ?

The atomic pengraletic tensional extractions above the surface atoms of an object are what we called gravitation. This force does not depend only on the quantity of atoms but also to the pressure stored in those atoms- therefore to the density & temperature of an object.

   In constant object & volume: the closer those atoms in an object & the tighter their bonding, the more concentrated their tensional extracting (gravitational) force or pulling influence.

 Scientific evidence of the atomic pengraletic tensional extraction

A side (part) of an atom that has stronger tensional extraction (pull) is slender (shorter in diameter) than to the portion with greater pressure. we can see through powerful scanning tunneling microscope such scientific pengraletic tensional slendering and atomic capacitoric pressured bumping from molecularly bonded atoms of a solid metallic element.

Scientific Gold atoms

Note in the scientific photograph of gold atoms that some atoms are smaller (slender) and some are bigger. In them are stored pengraletic tensional extractions (pulls) and capacitoric pressures, respectively. The exerters of those pressures & tensional extractions are the tiny particles (i.e. ßeta photons) of electrons. (In piezoelectric phenomenon, pressure & extraction can be converted into electricity. Electricity is a quantity of electric flowing electrons.) Tension here is a tightening stretch, which is an opposite of thrust (pressure).

   Absolute constitution of electron

It is a fact that electron rays of opposite charges when mutually collided will decompose into gamma rays. Gamma photons compose  the gamma rays. Therefore, electrons are composed of externally magnetic-active gamma photons. The externally, magnetically active gamma photons are what we called ßeta photons. Beta ray is composed of ßeta photons.

   Photons are active unified field entities, which can be externally active with electric & magnetic properties (filents)  -as in ßeta photons-  or  inactive with those electrofilents & magnetofilents externally (as in gamma photons). Perpendicular to electrofilent is the magnetofilent, both are kept intact by the gravitenderic, which theoretically exerts tension.

Master entity (photon) is a unified tenderons (gravitenderic, magnetofilent, & electrofilent).

What is gravity ?

Gravity is a measure of how much bent (deflection) can be produced by an energy.

  The bending of energy (ray of photons) is a suggestive to gravitational force. As the energy’s curvature increases more & more, its gravity grows stronger. this is why the trapped & chained energies (photons), like ßeta photons, are curve, forming an atom. As the bulk or curve of an atom in its capacitoric region is bigger, its tribonic tensional extraction (gravitation) & cold field (arepellic tribons) are stronger.

Differences between Gravity   and   Mass

Gravity is always associated to mass because this force is easily noticed between mutually attracting bodies that have masses.

   Gravity is cumulative unified tribonic tensional extractions stretched from the atoms of an object as a reaction to stored capacitoric pressures in the inner sides of the object’s atoms. These tribonic tensional extractions are equal but opposite (or a reaction) to the pressures in the capacitoric regions of the atoms. Those capacitoric pressures are caused by the repulsive action of the capacitoric ßeta photons & pengraletic ßeta photons. The pengraletic ßeta photons are inserted into the capacitoric region which results to a repulsion, giving an effect of pressure. The pengralet reduced in length (or pengraletic ßeta photons are inserted in the capacitoric region) because of the extraction of electromagnetic photons (e.g. heat radiant) from in the atom or pengralet. This only means that the e-photons can increase the length of the pemgralet. Extraction of e-photons has a collateral effect,i.e., exertion of tribonic tensional extraction (or gravity). Therefore, the true gravity of an object can be determined not in vacuum (emptiness) but in a space or place with absolute zero temperature. The volume of such object is reduced due to shortening of pengraletic bonds but its atoms become bigger due to increased capacitoric pressures. the curvature (diameter) of an atom in that condition is wider that when there is a disturbance of heat.

   Mass, on the other hand, is a measure of how much acceleration can be produced by a force. Mass may mean also ‘can be altered its velocity by a force.’  It is a product of  ‘energy times electric constant times magnetic constant.’  Expenditure of energy in the  ‘ product  of acceleration & distance ‘    is mass. Therefore, mass is an interference between counterbalancing energies. Example of counterbalancing energies are the mutually colliding  gamma rays under a strong magnetic field. If a strong force (foreign gravity, magnetic field, or electric field) disturbs  the energies’  tenderons (gravitenderic, magnetenderons, or electenderons, respectively), the energies’ reaction to that disturbance is what we call  ‘interference’   or   mass.

   Therefore, mass is a reaction of energy’s filents to external foreign forces. To become mass, the energy’s electric & magnetic properties (or filents) must be reactive to external disturbances.

  Mass is a measure of reaction due to action (force). This reaction is calculable by the amount of acceleration. Why? Because the massless electromagnetic photons have a constant speed of light, whereas the ßeta photons with mass have a changeable velocity slower than the speed of light.

Why every object has tribonic tensional extracting field or gravity ? 

  we can know it by close scrutinizing its atoms. Atoms of molecules or objects have two major facing sides: (1) the innerward or inner portion, and (2) the outerward or surface portion. As we have   learned ,  the pengraletic bonds on the faces of the surface atoms are disconnected, whereas on the inner atoms are connected.

Atom

Pengralets are cords or bonds that connect atoms to form molecules. These cords (bonds) are the external electrons junctioned to the capacitoric portions in the back of atoms. The capacitoric portion, which is inside the atom, is junctioned to inductoric portion (a  concentrical-like layer of ßeta photons). Capacitoric & inductoric ßeta photons are what we called atomic electron (or internal electron).

  Electromagnetic photons (or e-ray) have two major directions: (1) inward - absorption  and intrusion, and (2) outward - emission and extraction.  Both inward and outward e-photons have effects in or on the atom.

Intrusion of e-photons (electromagnetic ray) 

Intrusion of e-photons (e.g. heat radiant) into the atom will result to photoelectric repulsion, a phenomenon in which the atomic ßeta photons are pengraletically  stretched outward. This outward stretching is happening too in tribo-ßeta photons (tribons) is a disconnected pengraletic bond of surface atom, and what happened to pengralet may happen too to tribonic. It seems that the intruding e-photons become temporarily a part of the atom (as if, some of its photons are converting into ßeta), increasing the force of the atom.

  when the immediate neighborhood atom (in the molecule) ‘feels’  this extra force, repulsion will exist between them (atoms).

  as a result the atom’s back (capacitoric region) will reduce in size, the atoms will repel, and the pengralet between them will incraese in length. Tensional extraction exists between inner capacitoric portion & immediate outer pengralet, the opposite force of this tension exists on the front or tribons. That force is tribonic pressure, which makes the atom’s condition acohaeric. Acohaeric tribo-photons are punchy, and that acohaeric punchy tribons are what we called heat energy.

   The stretching of pengralet (pengraletic electron bond) is deductively determined by the lengthening of an element when heat energy is added.

  At 25° C  of the length 100 000 femtometers per every degree of kelvin, the silicon’s pengraletic bond increases in length by 2.6 femtometers. It is equivalent to 0.000 026 % of 100 thousand femtometers. Since 25° C has an equivalent heat for 1 meter long element and the added 1 K  has also an equivalent heat, this will give us an idea that a particular amount of energy when intruding the atom will give a particular length of reaction to the pengraletic ßeta photons. The increased lengths of pengralets of some elements are listed below and compared to their atomic radii.

Element                     Atomic radius                                       Increased length per

                               (in femtometer)                                       kelvin per 100 000 fm

Zinc                        134 000 fm                                                         1.16  fm

Silicon                    111 000 fm                                                         2.6    fm

Tungsten                139 000 fm                                                         4.5    fm

Iron                        126 000 fm                                                       11.8    fm

Gold                       144 000 fm                                                        14.2    fm

Copper                   157 000 fm                                                        16.5    fm

Aluminum              143 000 fm                                                         23.1    fm

  In the list above, the shortest (pengraletic) length increase is  1.6 femtometer  of zinc, equivalent to  0.000 011 6  %    of   100 thousand femtometers, and the longest is  23.1  fm     or    0.ooo 231 % . There is  0.ooo 165 % length increase  in a copper wire at 25° C by raising  1 kelvin of temperature. it may prove that inside (or outside) an atom, a photoelectric interaction happens between the intruding electromagnetic photons  &  atomic ßeta photons which causes repulsion, resulting to  (1) increase of pengraletic length and of acohaeric condition of tribons, and (2) constriction of inductoric layers of ßeta photons in the atom.

  The amount  of shrank length  of anlagyurtal per absorbed electromagnetic photons (e.g. UV) or energy is possibly determinable by the formula

L iß      =           H    /     E   ,

where    L iß     is the length of shrink,   E   is the energy  of the  radiation (light  ray, heat ray, etc.),  and  H   is the quotient  of  e²/(4πε), where  e   is the constant electron’s electric cahrge,  π  is the constant pi, and  ε   is the electric constant. 

  If this is correct, then an electron radiation use to measure the size of the atomic nucleus will reduce the size of the affected layers of ßeta photons down to more or less 2 femtometers or  0.ooo ooo ooo ooo oo2 meter.

   The number of tribonic (disconnected pengralet) can affect the integrity of the capacitoric pressures, which in gaseous molecules will, due to inductoric constriction, let tiny overlappings of inductoric layers to occur and affect the outermost layer of the atom  which usogamatically detected as spectral LAYERS and spectral LINES.

Extraction  of  e-photons  

  It is known as Redoña Law of darkening a hole that a sudden coercive separation of a hot material (e.g. guasar or daughter galaxy) will result to extraction of some electromagnetic photons from the immediate surface atoms.

At ordinary environment, e-photons  ‘reside’ in/on the atoms and can be detected as heat radiant or infrared when emitted, it is because of the fact that various e-rays are striking to the atoms from different sources. extracting e-photons from the atoms (like in the phenomenon of galactic giving birth)) will cause the pengraletic & tribonic ßeta photons to react. The reaction is oppositely directed, that is, inward to the atoms. The tribonic extraction here is an arepellic condition. Arepellic tribo-photons are what we called cold (dark) energy. The tension of this tribonic extraction is an atomic gravi-unit. A group of cumulative unified atomic gravi-units is what we called gravity. Detection between gravities (of object) is what we called gravitation. Moving gravitation is the gravitational force (e.g. weight).

   Gravity is the tension extracting field of an object carried (exerted) by tribo-photons or disconnected pengraletic electron bonds cumulated from the reaction to capacitoric pressures in the atoms. To easily visualize it, the inner pengraletic ßeta photons store the capacitoric pressures in the atoms, whereas the tribo-ßeta photons (tribons on the surface of everry atom) store the tensional extractions (suggesting that any atoms which have tribons are having too stored tensional extractions).

Think of a rubber sheet, when there is a pressure on it, there must be a tensional extraction -pulling back the sheet to its former condition & shape. It is a matter of action (pressure) and reaction (tensional extraction).

   This Gravitational Electronomic Theory  suggests another phenomenon. TEMPERATURE   CAN   AFFECT   GRAVITY.  Although for ordinary environment do we have, temperature seems has nothing to do with the gravity; but in an environment with a temperature near to or in the absolute zero, something effect happens to the gravity of an object.

  It is opposite to the hotter surrounding, in which atoms of gaseous molecules -supposed to be will be immediately sipped by the great gravity of a planet -     can move against the gravitational field. This is because the proportion of tribonic pressure (acohaeric condition) on gaseous molecules is greater than their stored tribonic tensional extraction.

   In an environment with strong arepellic (cold) field, like in a dark galactic womb (known as black hole), however, the tribonic extraction is tremendously strong from the surface atoms & inner atoms of the wall to the hole. we can say that the true size and gravity of a molecule can be determined inside the strongest galactic black hole, where which no disturbances of heat and e-photons can disturb the ßeta photons of the atom. It suggests that the absolute (true) diameter of an atom is bigger in the strongest arepellic (cold) field than we formerly thought.

The  REASON   Why   There   is   a    Gravity  

    See the atoms of an object. Their atoms are connected to & by the pengraletic bonds (also called interatomic forces, but visible as electron’s particles ). To become an object, atoms must be connected by their pengralets.

   However, the supposed to be a single object (e.g. QuasMosPecTrum)  of the Universe was fragmented. And its fragments were exploded into parcels; and those parcels are fragmenting into pieces, which are detonaing & would become more minute pieces. These pieces then exploded and turned into parts, which are broken into bits, then the bits fragmented into dots. Some of those dots are the planets, mons, and asteroids.

   What we can  expect ?

  There is a tendency for all those dots of bits of parts of pieces of pieces of parcels of fragments to become a single object again so that their atoms will be connected again to & by pengralets. And that  tendency is due to disconnected pengralets (i.e. tribons) on their surface atoms.

   Usogamatically speaking, gravity is the giant version of a cut (disconnected) pengralet, as the molecule is the lilliputan (miniature) version of an object.

  The disconnected (cut)  pengralet has a tendency to seek a connection. Two disconnected pengraletic electron bonds of two unconnected surface atoms will try to connect themselve. And their detection to each other, usogamatically, is a gravitational force. Since those atoms are not connected, their velocities are affected by the pulls they exert to, when drawing near, each other.

Suppose to be all objects must form into a gran single Object. Presume this gran Object as a rectangular prism of soft-but-untearable rubber. Pushing inward to this rectangular rubber will produce a reaction (i.e. pulling backward). These pushing and pulling are eqaul but opposite forces. By nature, all things are trying to connect to each other by a variety of those opposite forces.

Intrinsic Attractions  

North magnetic pole attracts south magnetic pole                     - Filent

Western electric field attracts eastern electric field                     - Filent

Alpha-photons (proton) attract beta-photons (electron)             - Subatomic

Hydrogen atom attracts hydrogen atom                                       - Atomic

Water molecule attracts water molecule                                        - Molecular

Oil attracts oil                                                                                - Substance

Object attracts object                                                                     - Object

  It is an inherent condition of any physical entity to be attracted. we can trace back this inherence to the master entity (unified field entity). Its southern side is supposed to be protruding, while its northern side is sucking. The western side is spitting, whereas the eastern side of the unified field entity is sipping. Therefore, the tendency of the north magnetofilent is to suck available south magnetofilent, or of the east electrofilent is to sip the available west electrofilent, and these are the very tiniest & primary forms of intrinsic coition & tropism. The two differently oriented filents (magnetofilent & electrofilent) are unified to the gravitenderic body.

Unified field tension                              -    G r a v i t e n d e r i c

Unified field tensional extraction          - Quantum attractive force

Photonic tensional extraction                - Photoelectric attractive force

Ionic (Beta) tensional extraction             - Positive (Eastern)  Charge

Electric tensional extraction                   - Positive charge field

Pengraletic tensional extraction              - Interelectron attractive force

Atomic tensional extraction                    - Interatomic attractive force

Molecular tensional extraction                - Intermolecular attractive force: Vander Waals

Compound/Substance tensional extraction  -   a d h e s i o n

Object tensional extraction                           -  gravitation

  Different attractive forces have one in common, i.e., they are all originating from the absolute components of matter (that is, the unified field master entities).

  The strongest is the gravitenderic which keeps intact the electrofilent in the eastern-western direction and, perpendicularly, the magnetofilent in the northern-southern direction of the master entity:  strongest for smallest entity but weaker for bigger substance.

  The force for every electromagnetic quantum is the unified field tensional extraction, whereas to form ßeta photons (electrons) is the photonic tensional extraction.

   The influence exerted between electron and proton (alpha-photons or gluonic-photons-ßeta-photons) is the ionic (ßeta) tensional extraction, well known as positive charge.

   When electrons are fired from a cathode, the anode (positive terminal) exerts the electric tensional extraction, which is adhesive to cathode (electron) rays.

   Beta photons forming concentric-like layers in atom and interactive communion with other electrons of other atoms have pengraletic tensional extraction (visible through STM as shrank portion of an atom’s side).

  Interatomic attractive force is considered as the atomic tensional extraction, whereas Vander Waals force is the molecular tensional extraction.

  Compound or substabce tensional extraction is well known as adhesion, and the like.

  The weakest among these forces is the object tensional extraction (or gravitation).

   All these forces become possible because of the ability of tribons or photons to be stretched zillion times than a photon’s diameter and to extend their influences to the approached foreign tribons or ßeta photons. It suggests that a force is not an empty (vacuum) influence but absolutely composed of portions of ßeta photons.

   Theoretically, the force of gravity can be strengthened or weakened depending on some conditions or energies.

Anti-gravitation

During explosion the force of gravity around parcels of the exploded object imay be overpowered by the kinetic energy of those parcels. Kinetic energy in this case is caused by the released capacitoric pressure. It suggests that the kinetic energy is absorbable by atoms, suggesting that it has a diffinite quantity of entities. 

 Credits :     photograph of  Gold atoms     -  Science Photo Library/ Physics Today  The World Book Encyclopedia of Science, page 15. Verlagsgruppe Bertelsmann International GmbH, Munich 1984 published by World Book, Inc., Chocago, revised edition 1987.

                    drawing  of   radioelectric  atom  -     Allan Poe Bona Redoña

                    photograph of Silicon atoms  -  International Business Machine/Science Photo Library (The Guinness Book of Records 1990, page 75. Guinness Publishing Ltd. 1989)